ALOPECIA: FISIOPATOLOGIA, MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS

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Resumo

A alopecia, é uma condição dermatológica prevalente, que impacta significativamente a qualidade de vida e a saúde mental dos pacientes. Esta revisão integrativa explora a fisiopatologia, apresentação clínica e manejo dos tipos mais comuns: alopecia androgenética (AGA), eflúvio telógeno (ET) e alopecia areata (AA). A AGA é impulsionada por predisposição genética e sensibilidade hormonal à di-hidrotestosterona (DHT), levando à miniaturização folicular. O ET é caracterizado por queda aguda e difusa desencadeada por estressores fisiológicos, que deslocam prematuramente os folículos para a fase telógena. A AA é um distúrbio auto-imune que resulta em queda de cabelo não cicatricial devido a um ataque das células T do sistema  imunológico, que e dirigem aos  folículos promovendo um processo inflamatório agudo que estão em fase anágena. As opções terapêuticas atuais permanecem limitadas e não são curativas. Os tratamentos incluem minoxidil tópico/oral e inibidores da enzima 5-alfa-redutase (finasterida, dutasterida) para AGA, abordagem dos desencadeadores subjacentes para o ET, e inibidores de Janus quinase para AA grave. Terapias adjuvantes como laser de baixa potência e plasma rico em plaquetas, eletroterapias e também são empregados. O estudo conclui que uma abordagem multidisciplinar e individualizada é essencial para o manejo, focando tanto na eficácia clínica quanto na mitigação do profundo impacto psicossocial da queda de cabelo.

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2026-03-23

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